Daqiiqo Dheeraad ah ee Tijaabada Xidhiidhka UV ee Kalaan Dheerka Plastiik

Sidee Bishaadka Cadudada Xidhiidhka Polimer ee Dheerka Plastiik

Qulayada UV waxay samayn karaa tiriyaalada kiimikalka ah ee plastiik, kaalinta polimeriga qaynuuriyada. Dheriga UV-B (280–315 nm) waxay xidhiidhaan xidhiidhka covlentiga ee alaabta sida polyethylene iyo polypropylene, oo sameeya:

• Oksidaanshaha dirafka : Qalabka hurri waxay la kulmaan ooxygen, abuuriya dhexda la xidha
• Dhibaatooyinka mekaaniska : Polypropylene ka qabtana 60% ee jiidada jiloo ka dib 1,000 saacad (ASTM G154)
• Xiriiraan : Pigmentoyinka la'aan waxay muujinaysaa ΔE >5.0 midabka jelow

Jarida waxay dambeeyaa markii la isku dayo arrintii jajabka (15°C–60°C), halka arrintii jajabka ay ku cabbirkaan microcrack-ka oo muuqda leh UV

Tuuco Casestudy: Tafatirka Qaabka Qaabka Qaabka Dhulka Hoos

Tuuco 2023 ee shimbiraha ABS ee geeska dhulka ee xidha gudmo kale ee horay ugu jirta 18 bilood ee ku cad galo:

Habka Tafatirka	Laa Stabiliso UV	Stabiliso UV	Furco
Ku noqnoqinta jirka	40%	12%	28%
Isbeddelka midabka (Delta E)	15.2	2.8	12.4
Tibista crack ee dhulka	38/mm²	5/mm²	33/mm²

Mecanismooyinka ugu horreysay waxa ka mid ah:

1. Korriga gudaha : Qaynuuriyada midabka ayaa jebidday markii dhacay
2. Fallida xidhka : Thread-ka burshinka ayaa jebidday 60% hoose marka la xidhay
3. Xaqinta dib u laabta : 73% ka mid ah dadka soo saaray qalabka dhicinta ilaa la jebidday

Anaalaysiska FTIR wuxuu xusuusiyey 300% kaartoomka sarreeya ee kaarboonilka ee ku jira samplalka la xadguday, waxayna muujin jiray in la xadguday oo dheer ee oksijenka. Isku-darka geedka carbom-black waxay kala jarayd 85% ka qaadashada xajmiga ee QUV.

Mabaadii Xubnaha ee Qaabka UV ee Shalayada Plastik

Qaababka Abaaraha Hadii Badan

Guriyada abaaraha waxay tijaabiyaan in ay dhici lahayd oo badan oo dhammaadka UV ee dhibka ugu yaraan kii saacad ah oo isticmaaliya:

• UV-B (313 nm) ama UV-A (340 nm) 0.76 W/m²
• 50°C (122°F) joogto kuxaad
• Cadaawayaasha dhaladh ee hoos u dhacda

Kaas oo la raacaya ASTM G154 iyo ISO 4892, abaaraha ayaa lagu daaweyaa:

1. Irradiance ee leh radiometers
2. Xajminta hooska iyadoo la isticmaalayo sensors ee soo saaraya infrad
3. Ku qabsida FTIR spectroscopy

Qiimaya Xajminta Gloss iyo xajminta midabka

Meesha	Qalabka	Khadka
xajminta Gloss ee 60°	Gloss meter oo laa qabsan kari	≥70% ee asalka
Tobiska Midabka (ΔE)	Spectrophotometer	≤3.0 CIELAB walx
Jiidha Dheerka	Qorsho xidhka	≤2.5 μm

Ammaanaha badan ee dhaafida:

• Dhac : ≥15% haze madaama (basi UL 746C)
• Microcracks : >10 μm joog (loo cadayo SEM)
• Ku jirin maacamaadka : >0.5% dibicida biyaha = 23% kala joogga

iimihnimooyinka la xallisiyay ee 2,000 saacad u taarajiyaa 15 sannad oo leeyahay <5% isbeddalka ee ka soo jeedda xogta dhabta ah.

Isku-dhafanayaasha Khataraha Hadiimaha ee ku xusan Plastiikada

Dhaqanaha UV iyo Dhaqanaha Ceebka

Plastiikada xusan ayaa iska laabtida 2.5 jeer kad ugu badan markii UV/ceebka la isku dhaafay (Shakhsiyaadaha Plastiikada 2023). Polycarbonate ayaa ka sameynaya 34% kaalmo jirka iyo 42% dhaafidda marka la isku laabtay 1,000 saacad oo leeyahay:

• UV-agaabka photo-oxidation
• Isku beddalka ceebka (-20°C ilaa 60°C) oo laabto khoray

Galaalka Biyaha ee ku xusan Microcracks

Microcracks ee UV (3-15 μm) ayaa biyaha u oggola inuu muujiyo hydrolysis. Xogta soo jeedda biyaha ayaa wax ku sameeyaa dhaqanaha UV iyadoo laabtida isku mid oo kale. Isku beddalka khaaska iyo jirrada ayaa laabtida khorarka 57% jeer kad ugu badan midha ee xushay (ASTM D1435).

UL 746C Tijaabiyo si gaar ah ee Plastiikada Xusan

waxqabadaha 720 maalmood ee Ku cad Dhaqanka

UL 746C ayaa talabina 720 maalin (3 sannadood la mid ah) ee furitaanka hoose ee xagga gaar ah si ay ugu ballaamsan:

• Dhibaatooyinka UV ee xidhka
• Hydrolysis ee dew-gey
• Thermal microcracking

Tidyeeddu waa inay muujin doonto ≤10% kala duwanaansho balacanka ka dib markii la tijaabo ISO 4892-3 ee irradianciga (340+ W/m²).

Isku midka Ugu Yar ee Xirfadaha Mekhaaniska

Xawaare	Isku midka Ugu Yar	SIYAAS ADDUUNKA
Moduuluska falka	80%	ASTM D790
Dhibaatooyinka Notched Izod	65%	ASTM D256
Qof Qaladaha	90%	ASTM D2240 (Shore D)

FTIR-ka xaqiijinayo inuu qorsada carbonyl ugu yaraan UL-ka siinayo xadka.

Mabaarikada Dheefka ee Plastic Stripaska Laabita UV

Carbon Black vs. Organic Stabilizers

• Carbon black : Bloka 99.9% UV laakiin uga qasbi karaa midabka joogga 12-15% ka badan 5 sano
• HALS stabilizers : Kahel 89% oo ugu yaraan 8 sano (waxay ugu hor inci Carbon Black 23%)

Iyo Nano-TiO2 Coatings

• Daba 92% ee UV (280-400 nm) sidoo kale ugu bixiyo in la socdo 85% ee daaweynka la heli karo
• Kala saar 40% ee dhaafadda ASTM G154 ee tijaabada
• Ima kala goynin inta ugu yara ee plasticiizers in vinyl strips

Faaf ah Testing Protocols

Isku mid ah Spectral Power Distribution (SPD)

SPD mudud ee dhulka ugu xusan ayaa isku dayaa in la isku dayo shuukaha (tusaale, ee Phoenix 3,872 vs. ee Hamburg 1,600 sunshine hours), ka qarin kharashaadaha oo badan 18-22%.

Machine Learning ee Faahfaahinta

Shabakadaha ee neural ayaa u baaki doonaa in la qabsado socodka ±5% ee daaweynka oo dhan 2,000 test cycles iyadoo la tijaabo:

• UV irradiance patterns
• Xawaaraha dhaafadda ceebka ah
• Ku qabsan kiiyo

Su'aalaha Badan La Isweydiiyo

Waa maxay soo saaraya kala duwanaanshaha ee UV leh iyada oo ku cad inka plastik?

Kala duwanaanshaha ee UV waxay abuuri karaa tirada kimiya ee soo saaraya in la joojiyo jajabka polimer, taas oo muuqda in ay dhacdo oxidaanshaha dusha, kaalmo badan oo jirra, iyo kaalmo lahayd inka plastik.

Sidee waxaa la aasignaa khibradda ee UV?

Khibradda ee UV waxaa la aasignaa adeegsiga xogta gudaha ee jirrada, taas oo muuqda in ay abuuriya jirrada ee UV ee dherig leh iyada oo ku cad khamriga iyo alaabta qiimay.

Waa maxay alaabta oo khibradda ee UV ku xidha inka plastik?

Ku darida cabbonka garaad, muwaadilka HALS, ama geedada nano-TiO2 waxay khibradda ee UV ee inka plastik si gaar ah uga badbaadi karaa iyada oo ku joojiya ama ku cadaya kala duwanaanshaha ee UV leh.